Bulk box container with supporting side beams

ABSTRACT

A square or rectangular bulk shipping container made of rigid packaging material having supporting side beams positioned vertically about the side wall panels of the container. The side beams are made of a rigid material and act to distribute lateral bulge forces evenly throughout the container to prevent bulging.

This Appln is a Divisional of Ser. No. 08/596,473 filed Feb. 5, 1996,now U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,148.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to bulk containers and in particular,square or rectangular bulk containers made of rigid packaging materialwhich have supporting vertical side beams to prevent bulging of thecontainer when loaded with flowable materials.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

To store and transport flowable materials such as grain, chemicals,fertilizers and minerals, intermediate or semi bulk shipping containershave been developed. These containers are often square or rectangular indesign and constructed of a rigid material, such as corrugated paperboard. The containers hold approximately 1,000 to 3,000 lbs. or more ofbulk material and because of their economical design, are readilystacked for high density storage or transportation.

As a result of the inherent properties of flowable or bulk material,bulk material exerts a lateral force upon the side wall panels of bulkcontainers. The box like shape of the containers do not permit theuniform distribution of the lateral forces. Hence, bulging of thecontainer may result. Bulging is an undesired effect as it distorts thecontainers causing a loss of storage space when the containers' arestacked together. In the extreme, bulging can cause rupture of thecontainers and a spilling of the containers' contents. This isespecially undesired when the contents are chemical in composition.

To compensate for the lateral forces exerted by the flowable materials,square or rectangular (i.e, box) rigid bulk containers are made ofdurable material (e.g., reinforced corrugated paper board) which arecapable of withstanding the lateral forces. Such durable material ismore expensive than standard packaging material. Moreover, themanufacture of the rigid containers is more complex as a result ofconstruction techniques designed to add strength to the containers tocompensate for the lateral forces.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,543,991 and 3,715,072 each describe a rectangularshaped rigid bulk container. Three individual cells are formed fromcorrugated paper board and may contain both a bottom and top closureflaps. The cells are placed in side by side relation and areinterconnected via attachment of respective adjacent panels. Reinforcingside panels may be positioned to overlie the external side panel of thefirst and third cells. A bottom tray and top tray may be placed over therespective top and bottom ends of the container. U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,072further describes the adhesion of reinforcing sheets between adjacentside walls of individual cells to enhance bulge resistance and todistribute pressure uniformly along the adjacent side walls of thecells.

The rectangular shaped rigid intermediate bulk containers of the typedescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,543,991 and 3,715,072 are more expensiveas a result of manufacturing costs due to the composition of thecontainers necessitated by the square or rectangular design (which doesnot uniformly distribute the lateral forces exerted by the flowablematerial) and the overall complexity of the configured containers.Moreover, these containers are still susceptible to bulging, despitetheir construction.

As an alternative, hybrid bulk containers have been developed whichcombine rigid square or rectangular containers and circular flexiblebulk containers. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,834,255; 4,901,885; 4,927,037;5,052,579; 5,071,025; 5,282,544; 5,289,937; and 5,407,090 each describea bulk container having an outer rigid container of rectangular designand an inner circular flexible container. The inner circular flexiblecontainer functions to deflect the lateral forces exerted by theflowable materials (which are chiefly contained within the flexiblecontainer) and relieve the bulge pressure, which in a standard rigidcontainer would have been exerted against the container's side walls.Again, this configuration suffers from the disadvantages of increasedcosts and complexity.

It is therefore an object of the present, invention to overcome the drawbacks associated with bulging of rigid rectangular or square bulkcontainers under load. This object is achieved through the use ofvertical side beams positioned about the side wall panels of the bulkcontainer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is achieved by providing a rigidrectangular or square bulk container having vertically placed rigid sidebeams positioned about the side wall panels of the container. The sidebeams are connected at the top and at the bottom of the container insuch a manner that the side beams bear the lateral forces of theflowable materials being contained and transfer those forces verticallyto the top and bottom of the container as well as horizontally to theside wall panels.

The rigid side beams may be formed in a variety of shapes and may becomposed of numerous materials. However, the shape and composition ofthe rigid side beams must function to transfer force longitudinally withrelatively little deflection. A preferred shape for the rigid side beamsis a triangular or V shaped profile as the material to strength ratiomakes this shape economically feasible. A 45 degree angle at the apex ispreferred, with the apex preferably pointing towards the center of thecontainer. A commercially available product known as "angle board" or"edge board" would be suitable for constructing the side beams. It has aV shaped profile and is made of paper fiber or plastic.

The side beams may be held in place by a variety of fasteningmechanisms. The use of an adhesive to affix the side beams to the sidewall panels of the container may be employed. Additionally, the sidewall panels may contain sleeves or pockets which receive the side beamsand hold them in position about the side walls panel. Laminating theside beams to the side wall panels is also possible. Perhaps mostfeasible is an embodiment wherein the side beams are folds within theside wall panels themselves or are folds within an inner lining whichfits within the container.

The spacing and number of side beams is dependent on the characteristicsof the flowable material that is to be contained. Ideally, the spacingand number of side beams should result in bulge or lateral force beingdiverted equally. This is often accomplished by using eight side beamspaired into sets of two which are spaced at or near the center of eachside wall panel. The side beams act to transfer the lateral bulge forcesaway from the side wall panels and to the top of the container. This isaccomplished by connecting the top ends of the side beams at or near thetop panel of the container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric, cut away view of a first embodiment of the bulkbox container showing the side beams placed on the inner surface of theside wall panels.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the placement of a plastic inner lining with in thechamber of the container.

FIG. 3 is a top schematic view of a second embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the placement within the chamber of the container of arigid inner lining containing folds which form the side beams.

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a third embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the side beams positioned about the outer surface ofthe side wall panels via sleeves.

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the third embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the side beams positioned about the outer surface ofthe side wall panels via pockets.

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the third embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the side beams, positioned about the outer surface ofthe side wall panels via a laminating sheet.

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a fifth embodiment of the bulk boxcontainer showing the interconnection of the top and bottom ends of sidebeams via straps.

FIG. 8 is a isometric, cut away view of the fifth embodiment of the bulkcontainer showing the interconnection of the top and bottom ends of sidebeams via a top and bottom lid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to the figures where like elements have been given likenumerical designation to facilitate an understanding of the presentinvention, and particularly with reference to the embodiment of the bulkcontainer of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the bulkcontainer may be constructed as a box 10 made of a substantially rigidpackaging material. Box 10 may have a top panel 11 and bottom panel 12interconnected by four side wall panels 13 which defines a chamber 14for flowable bulk materials. Preferably, at least one side beam 15extends in a substantially vertical direction about each of the fourside wall panels 13 in spaced relation.

Various rigid packaging materials may be used to construct box 10. Forexample, box 10 may be made of corrugated paper board, plastic or metal.Preferably, box 10 is made from corrugated paper board.

As seen in FIG. 2, box 10 may also be formed of multiple layers. Forexample, box 10 may be composed of a layer 23 of relatively rigidpermeable material, such as paper board, and a layer of relativelyimpermeable material 24. The relatively impermeable material may be anexternal or internal coating. Preferably, layer 24 of relatively rigidimpermeable material is a synthetic film material. Examples of syntheticfilm materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride,polyurethane, nylon and polyesters. Layer 24 of relatively impermeablematerial may also be in the form of a separate plastic inner liner 25which is placed within chamber 14 of box 10.

The construction of box 10 may be accomplished using standard techniquesknown to skilled artisans. Various methods may be utilized to join theends of four side wall panels 13 as well as interconnect top and bottompanel 11, 12 to side wall panels 13. The construction techniquesemployed to construct box 10 may depend upon the type of rigid packagingmaterial used to form box 10. For instance, in an embodiment in whichbox 10 is made of metal, welding may be used to join side wall panels 13and top and bottom panel 11, 12. Moreover, box 10 may be preformed andrequire only the folding of the various panels to form box 10. This typeof construction has application in the situation where box 10 is made ofpaper board or plastic.

With reference to FIG. 1, it is preferred if two side beams 15 extendsubstantially vertically about each of side wall panels 13. FIG. 1depicts side beams 15 positioned about inner surface 17 of side wallpanels 13. However, it is to be understood that side beams 15 may alsobe positioned about outer surface 31 of side wall panels 13. Inaddition, more than one side beam 15 may be positioned on each side wallpanel 13. For example, each side wall panel 13 may have from two to fiveside beams 15 positioned therewith. The number of side beams 15positioned on each side wall 13 depends upon load factors which will befurther described herein. In addition, it is not necessary that eachside wall panel 13 contain the same number of side beams 15.

FIG. 1 also depicts side beams 15 extending substantially verticallyabout inner surface 17 of side wall panels 13. Preferably, side beams 15may be positioned at an angle in the range of 10 to 90 degrees inrelation to bottom panel 12. More preferably, side beams 15 may bepositioned at an angle in the range of 45 to 90 degrees in relation tobottom panel 12. And even more preferably, side beams 15 may bepositioned at an angle of about 90 degrees in relation to bottom panel12. Preferably, side beams 15 extend substantially the entire height ofeach of side wall panels 13.

To effect distribution of the lateral bulge forces, it is preferablethat side beams 15 be formed of a substantially rigid material. Therigid material forming side beams 15 may be any material having rigiditysuch that the distribution of lateral bulge forces is accomplished.Preferably, such rigid material is corrugated paper, wood, plastic ormetal. Side beams 15 may also be designed in a variety of shapes. Forexample, side beams 15 may be tubular. In addition, side beams 15 may betriangular shaped or V shaped in cross section.

Side beams 15 should be positioned about side wall panels 13 in order toeffect an equal diversion of the lateral bulge force. In the square orrectangular shaped bulk container of the present invention, equaldiversion of the lateral bulge force would occur about the center ofeach side wall panel 13. Hence, it is preferred to position side beams15 at or near the center of each side wall panel 13 as shown in FIG. 1,especially if only one side beam 15 is positioned per side wall panel13. In an embodiment of the present invention in which two or more sidebeams 15 are positioned per side wall panel 13, it is preferred thatside beams 15 be positioned off center of each side wall panel 13.

Side beams 15 may be positioned about side wall panels 13 in numerousways. As illustrated in FIG. 3, side beams 15 may be integrated with orform part of a rigid inner lining 16. Inner lining 16 may be positionedwithin chamber 14, sitting adjacent to inner surface 17 of side wallpanels 13. Preferably, inner lining 16 is layer of corrugated paperboard and side beams 15 are formed as folds 18 in inner lining 16. Innerlining 16 may be a non detachable component part of side wall panels 13in which case it is formed as part of side wall panels 13 or as a unitwhich is permanently fastened (e.g., by adhesive or stapling) to innersurface 17 of side wall panels 13. However, it is preferred if innerlining 16 is a detachable unit which separates from side wall panels 13and is removable from chamber 14 of box 10.

In another embodiment of the bulk box container, side beams 15 may beformed as an integrated part of side wall panels 13. Side beams 15 maybe formed in this embodiment by molding, pressing or folding side wallpanels 13 into the desired configuration to create side beams 15.

Side beams 15 may be held in position about side wall panels 13 byvarious retaining means 22. For example, side beams 15 may be attacheddirectly to side wall panels 13 or side, beams 15 may be directlyattached to top panel 11 and bottom panel 12. The type of retainingmeans 22 provided may be dictated by the type of material forming box10. In the embodiment of, the present invention in which side beams 15are fixedly attached to side wall panels 13, retainer means may be anadhesive. In an alternative embodiment of the invention in which box 10is made of metal, retainer means may be a weld.

Alternatively, retainer means 22 may function to receive and maintainside beams 15 in a substantially vertical position about side wallpanels 13. Preferably in this embodiment, retainer means 22 areconfigured as sleeves 26.

With reference to FIG. 4, sleeves 26 may be secured to side wall panels13. In one embodiment of the present invention, sleeves 26 arepositioned at top end 27 and bottom end 28 of each of side wall panels13 whereby the ends of side beams 15 are fixedly attached to side wallpanels 13. Sleeves 26 may extend continuously around side wall panels 13at top end 27 and bottom end 28. However, sleeves 26 may also extendnoncontinuously around side wall panels 13 at top end 27 and bottom end28. Preferably, sleeves 26 are in the form of multiple pockets 29whereby a set of two pockets 29, one positioned at bottom end 28 and onepositioned at top end 27, receive and maintain individual side beams 15in a substantially vertical position about side wall panels 13, as shownin FIG. 5.

Sleeves 26 may be secured to side wall panels 13 by conventional meansdepending on the material forming sleeves 26. For example, sleeves 26may be made of a flexible, non-elastic material, preferably a syntheticmaterial, a polypropylene material or a polyethylene material. Sleeves26 made of a flexible, non-elastic material may be secured to side wallpanels 13 by conventional fastening means, as for example, mechanicalfastening. For illustrative purposes, mechanical fastening may bestapling.

In yet another preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 6, sleeves 26 may bein the form of sheet 30. Preferably, sheet 30 forms a laminate whichsubstantially covers side wall panels 13 and side beams 15 as they arepositioned about side wall panels 13. Sheet 30 may be fastened to sidewall panel 13 by various conventional means such as adhesive andstapling. Moreover, sheet 30 may extend continuously around side wallpanels 13 to form the laminate or sheet 30 may extend noncontinuouslyaround side wall panels 13 to form the laminate. In the latterconfiguration, sheet 30 may be composed of separate sheets coveringportions of side wall panels 13.

FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In thisembodiment, top force distribution means 19 interconnect top ends 20 ofside beams 15. Bottom force distribution means 31 may also be providedto interconnect bottom ends 32 of side beams 15. Top and bottom forcedistribution means 19, 31 function to evenly distribute the lateralforces throughout box 10 and specifically to all side beams 15.Preferably, top force distribution means 19 connect adjacent top ends 20of side beams 15 to each other, and bottom force distribution means 31connect adjacent bottom ends 32 of side beams 15 to each other.

Top and bottom force distribution means 19, 31 may be any device whichprovides for the interconnection of side beams 15 and functions todistribute the lateral forces as aforesaid. Examples may include wiresand other preformed rigid material. Preferably, top and bottom forcedistribution means 19, 31 are in the form of straps 21 made of a nonelastic material. In the embodiment just described, retainer means 22may also position or attach side beams 15 to side wall panels 13.

Top and bottom force distribution means 19, 31 may also be in the formof top and bottom container lids 33 as shown in FIG. 8. Top and bottomlids 33 would rest against respective top and bottom ends 20,32 of sidebeams 15 and hold side beams 15 in place about side wall panels 13. Sidebeams 15 may be attached or unattached to side wall panels 13.Preferably, top and bottom lids 33 form top and bottom panels 11, 12,respectively.

Top and bottom force distribution means 19, 31 (e.g., straps 21) causeside beams 15 to be relatively restricted from moving when chamber 14 isfilled with flowable materials. As a result, a force exerted in anydirection on one of side beams 15 would be countered by an oppositeforce caused by the same force on one or more of the other side beams15. Hence, a stabilized equal distribution of forces results. In otherwords, any outward bound force exerted on a side beam 15 by a forceexerted by the lateral force bulge force on side wall panel 13 istransmitted to top and bottom ends 20, 32 of side beams 15 and then istransmitted through top and bottom force distribution means 19, 31 toother side beams 15. Since side beams 15 are equally stressed and heldin place, box 10 has a fixed dimensional stability. Preferably, eightside beams are used in this embodiment, and top and bottom forcedistribution means 19, 31 would resemble an octagon which would connecteight geometrical spaced side beams 15 at the top and bottom of box 10resulting in a stable condition of resistance against all directionalstresses.

The bulk container of the present invention may be constructed byproviding a rigid top panel 11 and a rigid bottom panel 12. Four rigidside wall panels 13 are then connected to top panel 11 and bottom panel12 to create a chamber 14 for flowable materials. At least one rigidside beam 15 is positioned about each of side wall panels 13 in asubstantially vertical position whereby side beams 15 provide lateralsupport for box 10 to prevent bulging thereof when chamber 14 containsflowable materials. Retainer means 22 may be utilized to accomplish thepositioning of side beams 15 about side wall panel 13. Preferably, twoside beams 15 are positioned substantially vertically about each of sidewall panels 13.

The present invention has utility for a variety of rigid containers. Itis foreseen that one application of the present invention will be withrigid intermediate bulk shipping containers. These containerscustomarily hold between 1,000 and 3,000 lbs. or more of material andare made of paper board. Preferably, box 10 may hold about 2,000 lbs. ofbulk material for a 1 to 1.5 cubic yard quantity.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed, it is to be understood that the embodiments described areillustrative only and that the scope of the invention is to be definedsolely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalence,many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those skilledin the art from a perusal hereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A bulk container, comprising:a box made ofsubstantially rigid packaging material comprising a top and a bottompanel interconnected by four side wall panels defining a chamber forflowable materials, said flowable materials creating a bulge forceacting against said four side wall panels; eight side beams extendingsubstantially vertically about each of said four side wall panels inspaced relation, said side beams providing lateral support for saidcontainer to oppose said bulge force when said chamber contains saidflowable materials and wherein said eight side beams have a top end anda bottom end; a top force distribution means interconnecting said topend of said side beam to an adjacent top end of an adjacent side beam sothat said bulge force is distributed to said eight side beams.
 2. Thebulk container according to claim 1, further comprising a bottom forcedistribution means interconnecting said bottom end of said side beam tosaid adjacent top end of said adjacent side beam so that said bulgeforce is equally distributed to said eight side beams.
 3. The bulkcontainer according to claim 2 wherein said top and bottom forcedistribution means are straps formed of a non elastic material.
 4. Thebulk container according to claim 2 wherein said top and bottom forcedistribution means are respective top and bottom container lids andwherein said top and bottom container lids act to interconnect adjacentsaid top and bottom ends of said side beams.
 5. The bulk containeraccording to claim 4, wherein said container lids form said top andbottom panels.
 6. The bulk container according to claim 4, wherein saidat least one side beam includes two side beams extending substantiallyvertically about each of said four side wall panels.
 7. The bulkcontainer according to claim 1, wherein said side beams are positionedat an angle in the range of 10 to 90 degrees in relation to said bottompanel.
 8. The bulk container according to claim 7, wherein said sidebeams are positioned at an angle in the range of 45 to 90 degrees inrelation to said bottom panel.
 9. The bulk container according to claim8, wherein said side beams are positioned at an angle of 90 degrees inrelation to said bottom panel.
 10. The bulk container according to claim1, wherein said side beams extend substantially the entire height ofsaid four side wall panels.
 11. The bulk container according to claim 1,wherein said side beams are formed of a substantially rigid material.12. The bulk container according to claim 11, wherein said rigidmaterial is selected from the group consisting of corrugated paper,wood, plastic and metal.
 13. The bulk container according to claim 12,wherein said side beams are tubular.
 14. The bulk container according toclaim 12, wherein said side beams are triangular shaped in crosssection.
 15. The bulk container according to claim 12, wherein said sidebeams are V shaped in cross section.
 16. The bulk container according toclaim 1, wherein said packaging material is selected from the groupconsisting of paper board, plastic, wood and metal.
 17. The bulkcontainer according to claim 1, wherein said side beams are integratedwith a rigid inner lining, said inner lining being positioned withinsaid chamber and adjacent to an inner surface of each of said four sidewall panels.
 18. The bulk container according to claim 3 wherein saidside beams are integrated with a rigid inner lining, said inner liningbeing positioned within said chamber and adjacent to an inner surface ofeach of said four wall panels.
 19. The bulk container according to claim18, wherein said side beams are folds in said inner lining.